摘要: Introduction: If institutions matter, then for what? Analytical Section: Theoretical Foundations 1. The Two Meanings of 'Institution' 2. Micro Foundations: Institutions and Opportunistic Behaviour 3. Institutions, Outputs Outcomes Empirical Political 4. Duverger Theory: the impact election rules 5. General Democracy 6. Lijphart Model(s): Which form does Best? 7. Presidentialism: Linz 8. Impact Legislative Institutions: Referenda, Parliaments, Judicial Review Independent Central Banks 9. Federal Model: Is it superior? Social 10. Effects from Economic 11. Freedom 12. Family Affluence Conclusion: Constitutionalism Matters