Juvenile Delinquency: A Sociological Approach

摘要: Most chapters include "Reading Objectives," "Introduction," "Summary," "Concept Integration: Questions and Topics for Study Discussion," "References." Preface. I. CONFORMITY, DEVIANCE, AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY. Introduction: The Sociological Perspective Focus on Juvenile Delinquency. 1. Delinquency: Act, Actor, Audience. What Is Delinquency? A Synthesized Definition of 2. Overview: Society, Norms, Conformity, Deviant Behavior. Perspective. Social Nature Humans. Norms. Sources Folkways Mores. Normative Behavior: Conformity. Nonconformity. Negative Aspects Deviance. Positive 3. Dimensions the Delinquency Problem. Data. Official Information. Composite Delinquent Profile: Typical or Stereotypical? Unofficial Magnitude Trends Demographic Analysis. Addendum: "A Balanced American Youth." II. CAUSES OF Theory Etiology 4. Biological Explanations Link between Biology Myths Folklore. Classical School Criminological Thought. Criminology. Twentieth-Century Constitutional Typologies. Continuing Search Connection. Sociobiological Explanations. 5. Psychogenic Approach. Discovery Unconscious. Formation Personality. Freudian as an Explanation Crime Psychoanalysis. Projective Tests. Acts Symptoms. Other Psychological Typology Criticisms Limitations 6. Strain Cultural Transmission Theories. Theory. 7. Learning Control 8. Labeling Radical An Overview 9. Future Causal Ongoing Process Theory-Building. Review Past Theory-Building Explaining Renewed Examination Motivation: "Crime is Fun!" Making Decisions Rational Choice Punishment Response: Deterrence Back to Future: Prospects Direction New Concept Discussion. III. DELINQUENCY IN SOCIAL CONTEXT. Collective Behavior Groupings. 10. Family Changing Role Family. Increasing Importance Nuclear Creation "Adolescence." Agent Socialization. Working Mothers Variables Broken Homes Prevention. 11. Schools Arena. Socialization Process. Experience. a "Screening Device." "Combat Zones." Bureaucracy. 12. Youth Subculture. Culture, Subcultures, Countercultures. Distinctive Elements Subculture Countercultures 13. Gangs Solitary Delinquent. Group Play Group. Gang. Contemporary in United States. Motives Gang Membership. Organization. Composition Violence. Dyads Triads. Explanatory Theories Summary Synthesis. IV. CONTROL: THE JUSTICE SYSTEM. Control. 14. Juveniles Police. Encounters with Policing Juveniles. Police Discretion Handling Due Police, Community Policing, 15. Courts. Historical Background Child Savers' Movement. Court. Court Procedures. Attorneys Multifaceted 16. Corrections. Voluntary Informal Formal Deinstitutionalization, Corrections, Diversion. Evaluation V. STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH Approaching Treatment Prevention Context. 17. Strategies. Ideology Programs. Approaches Mobilizing Prevent 18. Rethinking Eliminating Marginal Status Standardization Elimination Codes. Decriminalization Offenses. Revision Modification Strengthening Educational System. Redefining Glossary. Name Index. Subject