EVOLUTION OF HERBIVORY IN LACERTID LIZARDS : EFFECTS OF INSULARITY AND BODY SIZE

摘要: -I tested the putative correlation between insularity and herbivory in lacertid lizards. Analysis of literature data on 97 populations 52 species shows that lizard islands more often include plant material their diet than do mainland populations. To investigate whether this finding reflects adaptation due to recent selection or is merely a product phylogenetic history populations, I reconstructed ancestral states for diets incorporated them analysis. Changes habitat (island-mainland mainland-island) went with changes (herbivore-insectivore insectivore-omnivore). Insectivorous lizards find themselves turn towards living situations. Lizards already have plants when seem successful colonizing islands. Herbivorous lacertids tend be larger insectivorous but there considerable overlap No difference mean snout-vent length was found island etolog , Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 6 3-674, 19 ciet Study Amphibians Reptiles i Lacertid Lizards: Ef ects Insularity As expected from great taxonomic diversity, evolved range diets; insects other arthropods, mammals birds, vertebrate eggs, snails, fish, nectar, various mixtures leaves, flowers, fruits. Although dietary great, distribution foods eaten reveals complete rare compared arthropods. Only about 3% all extant are known eat significant quantities food (King, 1996). On hand, many occasionally shift away only toward an omnivorous herbivorous (e.g., Pough, 1973; Schluter, 1984; Perez-Mellado Corti, 1993; King, Several authors speculated ecological circumstances could induce expand (Pough, Because less digestible may produce substantially slower growth 1984), considered 'forced move', will not make unless arthropods insufficient meet energy requirements (but see Johnson Lillywhite, 1979; Sadek, 1981; Troyer, 1984). habitats where insect abundance (periodically) low benefit (partial) herbivory. Large body size also incentive herbivory, because putatively greater energetic needs les adept at catching small prey they must move mass pursuit (Sokol, 1967; Greene, 1982). The bulk exclusively indeed 300 g If above presumptions true, insular can feed Indeed, (especially ones) poor arthropod faunas (Janzen, 1973a, b), least some families genera lizards, tendency races (Case, 1978). au663 This content downloaded 157.55.39.231 Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:43:17 UTC All use subject http://about.jstor.org/terms