Phylogeny and biogeography of the New World siskins and goldfinches: rapid, recent diversification in the Central Andes.

摘要: Time-calibrated molecular phylogenies can help us to understand the origins of diverse and unique Andean avifauna. Previous studies have shown that tempo diversification differed between Andes adjacent lowland regions South America. taxa were found speciated more recently avoided decelerated is typical Neotropical clades. The American siskins, a Pleistocene finch radiation, may typify this pattern. We investigated phylogenetic biogeography all New World siskins goldfinches in new detail. To specific role siskin diversification, we asked: (1) Was faster lineages relative non-Andean ones? (2) Did move into out at different rates? had higher rates outward dispersal than outside Andes. conclude paramo expansion contraction response climatic cycles caused accelerated siskins. younger average age bird species compared America be attributable bursts recent several other vagile, open-habitat