Germ layer induction in ESC--following the vertebrate roadmap.

摘要: Controlled differentiation of pluripotential cells takes place routinely and with great success in developing vertebrate embryos. It therefore makes sense to take note how this is achieved use knowledge control the embryonic stem (ESCs). An added advantage that differentiated resulting from process embryos have proven functionality longevity. This unit reviews what known about signals drive one most informative animal models development, amphibian Xenopus laevis. summarizes their identities extent which activities are dose-dependent. The details transcription factor responses these signals, describing networks interactions they generate. then discusses target genes factors, effectors state. Finally, same developmental programs operate during germ layer formation context ESC summarized.