Early cardiovascular involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

摘要: Cardiovascular (CV) disease represents a considerable risk factor in terms of both morbidity and mortality elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD). In fact, there is evidence this association: for only 20 years forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1) has been considered as predictive cardiovascular especially patients. At present, the emerging suggests that hypoxia, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress may cause an early sub-clinical involvement COPD. Aging selective process dramatically affecting certain portions system example: diminished beta-adrenergic responsiveness, increased myocardial vascular stiffness, decreased arterial baroreflex, vagal outflow compromission diastolic function. The nature these interactions complex involves not mechanisms aging but also multiple defined undefined (e.g., genetic) factors. diseases are main causes among subjects impaired lung Even mild reductions flow volumes amplify ischemic heart diseases, strokes, sudden cardiac deaths 2-to 3-fold, independent other mechanism or responsible association, however, remain largely unknown.