On the banality of forest governance fragmentation: Exploring ‘‘gecko politics’’ as a bureaucratic behaviour in limited statehood

摘要: Abstract Governance of tropical forests at both the international and national level is more fragmented because large constellation actors, ideas interests influencing forestland policies for their conservation or change. In public policy area, fragmentation to some extent result competing objectives that lead a power play in policy-making between actor groups (both private), i.e., state bureaucracies, Intergovernmental organisations, nongovernmental organisations private companies. this relationship control forestlands, hegemony bureaucracies forest governance processes increasingly contested growing influence external governance. Our findings show governance, which might be considered specific pluralistic systems, became banal even countries with state-centred system like Cameroon where claims hegemonic ownership forestlands. This particularly reinforced limited statehood are attracted to/dependent on resources dealing weak institutional capacity face government's lack ability supply goods services. But despite constraints, article reveals governments sectoral capable using cunning behaviours secure own domestic avoid pressure from actors. case example, strategy being used relies wait-and-see game, uncertainty recourse sudden, ambiguous decisions; what we call “gecko politics”. Broadly, seeks understand how government bureaucracy can try impose its context fragmentation?