Atmospheric Escape Processes and Planetary Atmospheric Evolution

摘要: The habitability of the surface any planet is determined by a complex evolution its interior, surface, and atmosphere. electromagnetic particle radiation stars drive thermal, chemical physical alteration planetary atmospheres, including escape. Many known extrasolar planets experience vastly different stellar environments than those in our Solar system: it crucial to understand broad range processes that lead atmospheric escape under wide conditions if we are assess worlds around other stars. One problem encountered between astrophysics communities lack common language for describing processes. Each community has customary approximations may be questioned other, such as hypothesis H-dominated thermosphere astrophysicists, or Sun-like nature scientists. Since exoplanets becoming one main targets detection life, set definitions hypotheses required. We review mechanisms proposed exoplanetary atmospheres. propose definition mechanisms, show important parameters take into account when evaluating at time. paradigm magnetic field an shield should changed recent work on history Xenon Earth's atmosphere gives elegant explanation enrichment heavier isotopes: so-called paradox.