Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities.

摘要: Abstract Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly applied to guide the design of resilient landscapes and cities enable them reach economic development goals with beneficial outcomes for environment society. The NBS concept is closely related other concepts including sustainability, resilience, ecosystem services, coupled human environment, green (blue) infrastructure; however, represent a more efficient cost-effective approach than traditional approaches. European Commission actively engaged in investing as driver developing services-based approaches throughout Europe world. pool knowledge expertise presented this Special Issue Environmental Research highlights applications ‘living’ adaptable tools boost capacity face today’s critical environmental, societal challenges. Based on literature papers Issue, we propose five specific challenges future NBS.