The leading edge of epilepsy research

摘要: For diagnosis of seizure type and epilepsy syndrome, we always take all the three aspects 1) history symptoms (symptomatology), 2) EEG (clinical neurophysiology) 3) neuroimaging into account, thus an appropriate treatment approach based on both short- long-term concerns is individualized. Recent advances in clinical epileptology (i, ii, iii) genetic analysis (iv, v) are briefly introduced as follows. i) Wide-band Clinical provides us with diagnostic information epileptogenicity by epileptiform discharges, i.e., spikes, sharp waves, which reflects paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS) epileptic neurons. Currently advanced technology has enabled to record wide-band EEG: direct current (DC) (Ikeda et al., 1996) high frequency oscillation (HFO) (Bragin 1999). The conditions occurred together early electrodecremental pattern or earlier than conventional ECoG changes, that ictal DC happened HFO some occasions, may suggest more active role glia (Imamura 2011). ii) Amygdalar enlargement patients temporal lobe (TLE). With absence hippocampal atrophy (HA), TLE clearly showed amygdalar focus side; they had older onset age better control HA. It be a subtype (Mitsueda-Ono Focal syndrome antibody-mediated gray matter disease? Recently delineated antibodies cell surface antigens such anti-VGKC antibody, anti-GAD antibody anti-NMDA receptor could develop chronic condition, being apart from so-called acute limbic encephalitis ovarian teratoma. iv) Gentic abnormality other channelopathy Abnormality LGI1 gene responsible for autosomal dominant lateral (ADLTE), where synaptic transmission impaired. Clinically significant divergence degree within family well between families remains solved (Kawamata 2010). Genetic polymorphism CYP2C19 drug choice Information individualize its dose advance (Yasuda 2009)