Current and future trials of targeted therapies in cutaneous melanoma.

摘要: In order to effectively treat melanoma, targeted inhibition of key m­echanistic events regulating melanoma development such as cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and invasion or metastasis needs be accomplished. The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway has been identified a player in making this cascade an important therapeutic target. However, identification the ideal member therapeutically target for maximal clinical benefit remains challenge. normal cells, MAPK relays extracellular signals from membrane nucleus via phosphorylation events, which promote cancer development. Dysregulation occurs frequently many human cancers including melanoma. Mutations B-RAF RAS genes, genetic epigenetic modifications are aberrations observed signaling cascade. Constitutive activation causes oncogenic transformation cells by promoting invasion, metastasis, migration, survival angiogenesis. This review provides overview (a) members development; (b) proteins can serve biomarkers assess disease progression; (c) efficacy various pharmacological agents targeting pathway; (d) current trials evaluating downstream targets (e) issues associated with drug resistance, induction cancers; finally strategies overcoming resistance.