摘要: Gypsy moth has affected pine-hardwood mixtures, especially oak-pine stands, since the late 1800's. Several old and new studies on impacts in mixed stands are reviewed. When pines heavily defoliated, considerable growth loss mortality can occur. Mortality is heaviest understory white pine trees, Impact information used to suggest silvicultural management actions minimize damage northern stands. Suggestions for pre-infestation treatments southern made.
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