Complications of female sterilization: immediate and delayed

摘要: Surgical sterilization in women has changed dramatically over the past 20 years. The development of laparoscopy and minilaparotomy have made procedure readily available even developing countries. In United States, changing social values changes hospital regulations done as much technology to account for tremendous increases number undergoing sterilization. Improved procedures resulted lower costs lowered morbidity mortality rates. Hysterectomy alone carries unacceptable Originally, laparoscopic techniques utilized unipolar cautery. However, bowel burns, a rare but serious complication, were reported, this led newer techniques. These techniques, using bands, clips, bipolar cautery, gained increasing popularity eliminated many complications female Historically, there been concern that tubal by any method produces, significant numbers patients, subsequent gynecologic psychologic problems called "post-tubal ligation syndrome." A review earlier literature indicates these studies methodologic problems, including recall bias, inappropriate control groups, failure elicit prior history or use oral contraceptives IUDs. More recent large prospective epidemiologic controlled contraceptive usage failed show increased incidence sequelae women. are some data support concept certain individuals, may result disruption ovarian blood nerve supply, producing sequelae. Additional from ongoing large-scale others should help elucidate problem future. Pregnancy after (even excluding pregnancies present at time procedure) is more common first year with risk decreasing years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)