Current and Future Approaches to Vaccination Against Virus Diseases

摘要: The control of infectious diseases by vaccination has been applied to an ever-increasing number veterinary and human viral pathogens since Jenner’s observation that smallpox can be prevented prior inoculation individuals with cowpox. eradication over a decade ago is the most notable example successful programme, achieved employing stable product well-coordinated programme delivery surveillance. Particular reasons for this success include probable absence animal reservoir, multiple serotypes ease vaccine delivery. This not always case, however. For example, zoonotic infections (those natural host species other than man) controlled at best, cannot effectively eliminated. Rabies good example: Pasteur’s use formaldehyde inactivation live rabies virus was novel approach still widely used in production (Table 1). Another eliminated yellow fever: continuing vigilance emergence from monkey required. Here develop strains passage vitro degree whereby growth restricted non-target organs tissues. Vaccination strategies are often hampered, however, tendency viruses undergo rapid antigenic variations response increasing levels herd immunity (e.g. influenza), stability existing materials measles virus) or changes social behaviour e.g. hepatitis B immunodeficiency (HIV).