Full cost accounting of urban transportation: implications and tools

摘要: Abstract This article summarizes current research on full-cost accounting as it applies to urban transportation, and describes a computer software program which can be used incorporate full cost analysis into transportation decision making. In recent years several studies have estimated the magnitude distribution of transport costs. These indicate that significant portion costs are external. include accident damages, parking subsidies, roadway facilities services, value land devoted roads, variety negative environmental social impacts. addition, majority users' vehicle fixed. Both external fixed cause underpricing, encourages inefficient inequitable travel patterns. price structure leads increased motor traffic, degradation sprawl. Although vehicles expensive own, they so cheap operate problems such congestion pollution forced become constraints further growth. Pricing reforms essential reduce problems. Least planning based lets makers identify optimum investment strategies policies. A new microcomputer program, Transportation Cost Analyzer , help policy making, evaluating savings improvement or benefits society demand management programs.