作者: Richard A Houghton , Eric F Lambin , Robin S Reid , Lisa Graumlich , Frédéric Achard
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摘要: Since time immemorial, humankind has changed landscapes in attempts to improve the amount, quality, and security of natural resources critical its well being, such as food, freshwater, fiber, medicinal products. Through increased use innovation, human populations have, slowly at first, increasingly rapid pace later on, ability derive from environment, expand territory. Several authors have identified three different phases - control fire, domestication biota, fossil-fuel being pivotal enabling appropriation (Goudsblom De Vries 2004; Turner II McCandless 2004).