RNA in situ hybridization in whole mount embryos and cell histology adapted for marine elasmobranchs.

摘要: Marine elasmobranchs are valued animal models for biomedical and genomic studies as they the most primitive vertebrates to have adaptive immunity unique mechanisms osmoregulation 1-3. As living jawed-vertebrates with paired appendages, an evolutionarily important model, especially in evolution development. also been used study aquatic toxicology stress physiology relationship climate change 4. Thus, development adaptation of methodologies is needed facilitate expand use these multiple biological disciplines. Here I present successful RNA whole mount situ hybridization histological techniques gene expression cell histology elasmobranchs. Monitoring a hallmark tool developmental biologists, widely investigate processes 5. allows visualization localization specific transcripts tissues developing embryo. The pattern gene's message can provide insight into what fate decisions may control. By comparing at different stages, be gained how role changes during development. While situ's provides means localize tissue, allow identification differentiated types tissues. Histological stains varied functions. General highlight morphology, example hematoxylin eosin general staining nuclei cytoplasm, respectively. Other types. For example, alcian blue stain reported this paper cationic identify mucosaccharides. Staining digestive tract distribution goblet cells that produce Variations mucosaccharide constituents on short peptides distinguish by function within 6. using histochemical methods concurrently, linked gene-specific expression. Although histochemistry researchers, their marine met limited success. protocols developed regular basis my laboratory. Although further modification method adapt species, described here strong starting point researchers wanting scientific inquiries.