Orbitofrontal and insular epilepsy.

摘要: Purpose Orbitofrontal and insular epilepsy are difficult to recognize because clinical presentations variable surgical approaches remain difficult. Methods Literature review of our own case series including selected cases regarding the manifestation diagnostic utility tests in orbitofrontal epilepsy. Results presents with either frontal lobe type seizures hypermotor automatism or temporal oroalimentary manual automatisms depending on spread pattern. Ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) other functional imaging can be helpful, but intracranial electroencephalograms (EEGs) still required identify seizure onset. Insular throat constriction unilateral paresthesias. Preoperative methods exploration insula is unequivocal Intracranial EEG performed safely should considered atypical cases. Conclusions remains main modality Newer modalities such as high-frequency oscillations, EEG, magnetic resonance (fMRI), magnet spectroscopy, source need examined further establish their utility.