Carbamate and Carbamoyloxime Insecticides: Single-Class, Multiresidue Analysis of

摘要: Large quantities of modern pesticides such as the N-methyl- and carbamoyloxime carbamates (over 1000 t N-methylcarbamate carbaryl) are used for agricultural well nonagricultural purposes. The European Union (EU)-permitted concentration levels these insecticides their related transformation products in drinking water is 0.1 µg L−1, maximum total pesticide content has been set to 0.5 µg L−1. Many analytical procedures, focusing on sample pretreatment, column chromatographic separation, sensitive detection, have reported trace-level determination compounds. This article surveys application techniques, potential with regard recovery, resolution, sensitivity, robustness discussed. For example reproducibility results a variety from samples or pretreated biological/soil an essential criteria during development extraction procedures. percentage recovery influences sensitivity method. Good solid-phase (SPE) obtained C18/OH phase which routine basis by various laboratories analysis surface waters vegetables. technique superior liquid–liquid (LLE) reasons explained this article. Chromatographic resolution most effective, when gas chromatography (GC) used. Unfortunately, thermal degradation some injector takes place, making liquid (LC) separation choice despite fact that cannot now be separated. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers better efficiency but still not robust technique. Another way solve coelution problem mass spectrometry (MS). Utilizing selected ion monitoring mode, coeluting compounds can quantified. MS adds extra step because ionized separated mass-to-charge ratio. Application ionspray (ISP) heated nebulizer (HN) interfacing techniques makes possible quantification at trace low 0.1 ng L−1 water, without any preconcentration. Furthermore, also ability confirm identity On-line SPE combination chromatography/mass (LC/MS) or, better, chromatography/tandem (LC/MS/MS) best method structural confirmation carbamate lower.