A temporal rule in vocal exchange among Large-billed Crows Corvus macrorhynchos in Japan

摘要: Abstract We investigated whether vocal communication in wild Large-billed Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) is governed by a temporal rule as an evidence for exchange. In order to examine this potential rule, we analyzed the intervals between two single-note ka calls produced sequentially crows gregarious situations. Two different individuals uttered at approximately 0.2–0.8-sec intervals, Such specific time window was not observed simulation of ‘imaginary’ flocks, which multiple independently emitted their own pace, similar solitary wild. These results suggest that inter-call incidental phenomenon crowded situation, but rather event follows organizing crows. Our findings provide first exchange using are organized following precise tempo...