摘要: High jumpers run at moderate speeds and set down the foot, from which they take off, well in front of body. Long up much faster place foot less far forward, with leg a steeper angle. A simple model, takes into account mechanical properties muscle, predicts optimum take-off techniques that agree those used by athletes. These predictions are remarkably insensitive to numerical values assigned physiological parameters.
harvard.edu
jstor.org 
royalsocietypublishing.org 
sci-hub.se 参考文章(16)
Nancy A. Curtin, Earl Homsher, Roger C. Woledge, Energetic Aspects of Muscle Contraction ,(1985)
Geoffrey Harry George Dyson, The mechanics of athletics ,(1970)
R F Ker, M B Bennett, R McN Alexander, R C Kester, Foot strike and the properties of the human heel pad Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. ,vol. 203, pp. 191- 196 ,(1989) , 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1989_203_038_01
A.J. Ward‐Smith, Altitude and wind effects on long jump performance with particular reference to the world record established by Bob Beamon Journal of Sports Sciences. ,vol. 4, pp. 89- 99 ,(1986) , 10.1080/02640418608732104
A.L. Hof, Jw. Van den Berg, EMG to force processing I: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model. Journal of Biomechanics. ,vol. 14, pp. 747- 758 ,(1981) , 10.1016/0021-9290(81)90031-2
JESUS DAPENA, CHUL SOO CHUNG, Vertical and radial motions of the body during the take-off phase of high jumping. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. ,vol. 20, pp. 290- 302 ,(1988) , 10.1249/00005768-198806000-00014
Pekka Luhtanen, Paavo V. Komi, Mechanical power and segmental contribution to force impulses in long jump take-off. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ,vol. 41, pp. 267- 274 ,(1979) , 10.1007/BF00429743
H. Hatze, Computerized optimization of sports motions: An overview of possibilities, methods and recent developments Journal of Sports Sciences. ,vol. 1, pp. 3- 12 ,(1983) , 10.1080/02640418308729656
O. Lindahl, A. Movin, The Mechanics of Extension of the Knee-Joint Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. ,vol. 38, pp. 226- 234 ,(1967) , 10.3109/17453676708989636
R. F. Ker, M. B. Bennett, S. R. Bibby, R. C. Kester, R. McN. Alexander, The spring in the arch of the human foot Nature. ,vol. 325, pp. 147- 149 ,(1987) , 10.1038/325147A0