Methods and Reagents for Regulation of Cellular Responses in Biological Systems

摘要: This invention provides multivalent ligands which carry or display at least one recognition element (RE), and preferably a plurality of elements, for binding directly indirectly to cells other biological particles more generally by any molecule. The provided can most function targeting particle molecule particularly cell types viruses, aggregation macromolecular assembly macromoleculares. this are applicable creating scaffolds (assemblies) chemical species, including without limitation, antigens, epitopes, ligand groups, receptors (cell surface receptors, transmembrane cytoplasmic receptors), various macromolecules (nucleic acids, carbohydrates, saccharides, proteins, peptides, etc.). In these scaffolds, the number, spacing, relative positioning orientation elements be controlled. Multivalent signal (SRE), modulate responses in systems. also relates methods aggregating modulating response employing provided.