Evolution of Vocal Communication: From Animal Calls to Human Speech

摘要: The evolution of speech poses a dilemma when viewed from the signaling theory in evolutionary biology. This is because content not honest, yet expression mostly honest. creativity language rests on dishonesty language, but why did such dishonest signal evolve at all? In this chapter, I will try to lay out set hypotheses. Animal acoustical communication perhaps started as noises contingent with breathing and jaw or respiratory gestures associated predation feeding. These movements were gradually ritualized, forming fixed patterns motor actions indicating intentions emotions. Especially, vocalizations action became indicators emotional states fear contentment, that attack copulation. calls thus established an honest indicator internal state. certain species, stochastic combinations used by young animals induce parental behavior, they reminded parents immature articulation. effect was then utilized male attract females. Extremes are songs, for mate attraction and/or territorial defense many species birds some whales primates. Songs vigor, since singing costly. Gradually, songs came be also nonsexual social contexts seen in, example, gibbons. Sequences song syllables behavioral through mutual segmentation process over generations proto-words emerged. Arbitrary referred non-existing entities started. However, always signals emotions voice facial expressions. Thus, receiver could judge honesty content. Furthermore, linguistic produced cumulative culture. way, emotion evolved humans dependency between creativity.