Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada.

摘要: Of more than 500 arboviruses recognized worldwide, 5 were first isolated in Canada and 58 the United States. Six of these viruses are human pathogens: western equine encephalitis (WEE) eastern (EEE) (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus), St. Louis (SLE) Powassan (POW) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), LaCrosse (LAC) virus (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus), Colorado tick fever (CTF) (Reoviridae, Coltivirus). Their scientific histories, geographic distributions, virology, epidemiology, vectors, vertebrate hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical differential diagnoses, control, treatment, laboratory diagnosis reviewed. In addition, mention is made Venezuelan (VEE) complex which periodically cause disease North America. WEE, EEE, SLE transmitted by mosquitoes between birds; POW CTF viruses, wild mammals ticks; LAC virus, small mosquitoes; VEE or large mosquitoes. Human infections tangential to natural cycle. Such range from rare focal but relatively frequent where they occur. Epidemics VEE, have been recorded at periodic intervals, prevalence with typically constant, related degree exposure infected vectors. Infections appear be rare. Adequate diagnostic tools available, treatment mainly supportive, greater efforts educating public medical community suggested if prevented.