Effect of dietary intake on immune function in athletes

摘要: Athletes are exposed to acute and chronic stress that may lead suppression of the immune system increased oxidative species generation. In addition, tendency consume fewer calories than expended avoid fats further compromise antioxidant mechanisms. The exercise is proportional intensity duration exercise, relative maximal capacity athlete. Muscle glycogen depletion compromises performance it also increases stress. Glycogen stores can be protected by fat oxidation (glycogen sparing). diets athletes should balanced so total caloric intake equals expenditure, carbohydrates utilised in replenished. Many do not meet these criteria have compromised or stores, deficits essential fats, take sufficient micronutrients support performance, competence defence. Either overtraining under nutrition an risk infections. Exercise leads a increase hormone levels concomitant changes several aspects immunity, including following: high cortisol; neutrophilia; lymphopenia; decreases granulocyte burst, nasal mucociliary clearance, natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type sensitivity response, production cytokines response mitogens, salivary immunoglobulin A levels; blunted major histocompatibility complex II expression macrophages; blood monocyte phagocytosis, pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines. addition providing fuel for glycolysis, glutaminlysis, protein degradation participate metabolism synthesis components. Compromising, overusing, any components immunosuppression. some cases, supplementation with facilitate compensate nutrients. summary, eat adequate nutrients balance expenditure all Dietary insufficiencies compensated nutrients, care over compensate. By following rules, regulating training overtraining, maintained minimise upper respiratory tract