Prognostic stratification of acute pulmonary embolism: Focus on clinical aspects, imaging, and biomarkers

摘要: Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a common disease in emergency medicine and guidelines for diagnosis treatment have had wide diffusion. However, PE morbidity mortality remain high, especially when associated to hemodynamic instability or right ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic stratification identify high risk patients needing receive more aggressive pharmacological closer monitoring is of utmost importance. Modern management acute are based on using either clinical, radiological, laboratory findings. This article reviews the modern PE, which customized upon patient prognosis. Accordingly current tools described literature such as clinical scores, echocardiography, helical computer tomography, biomarkers will be reviewed.