Low grade waste heat recovery using heat pumps and power cycles

摘要: Abstract Thermal energy represents a large part of the global usage and about 43% this is used for industrial applications. Large amounts are lost via exhaust gases, liquid streams cooling water while share low temperature waste heat largest. Heat pumps upgrading to process power cycles converting electricity can make strong impact in related industries. The potential several alternative technologies, either such as compression-resorption, vapor compression trans-critical pumps, or conversion by using organic Rankine, Kalina trilateral cycle engines, investigated with regards energetic economic performance making use thermodynamic models. This study focuses on levels 45–60 °C at range rejected environment but also investigates which become competitive. deliver 2.5–11 times more value than equal input. engines competitive temperatures 100 °C above.