Estimating spatially and temporally complex range dynamics when detection is imperfect

摘要: Abstract Species distributions are determined by the interaction of multiple biotic and abiotic factors, which produces complex spatial temporal patterns occurrence. As habitats climate change due to anthropogenic activities, there is a need develop species distribution models that can quantify these range dynamics. In this paper, we dynamic occupancy model uses generalized additive estimate non-linear variation in not accounted for environmental covariates. The flexible accommodate data from sampling designs provide information about both detection probability. Output be used create maps indices We demonstrate utility approach modeling long-term dynamics 10 eastern North American birds using Breeding Bird Survey. anticipate framework will particularly useful species’ over large scales quantifying long scales.