Alpharetrovirus Envelope-Receptor Interactions

摘要: Infection by all enveloped viruses occurs via the fusion of viral and cellular membranes delivery nucleocapsid into cell cytoplasm, after association virus with cognate receptors at surface. This process is mediated proteins anchored in envelope can be defined based on requirement for low pH to trigger membrane fusion. In that utilize a pH-dependent entry mechanism, such as influenza virus, triggered acidic environment intracellular organelles uptake from surface trafficking low-pH compartment. contrast, pH-independent most retroviruses, solely interaction glycoprotein receptors, often However, recent work has indicated alpharetrovirus, avian sarcoma leukosis (ASLV), utilizes novel mechanism combines aspects both entry. ASLV infection, (Env) causes an initial conformational change primes (activates) Env renders it sensitive subsequent triggering Thus unlike other viruses, only following its receptor. this manuscript we review current research Env-receptor interactions focus specific molecular requirements protein addition, data pertaining two-step propose model which elicits