Mountain pine beetle dispersal: spatiotemporal patterns and role in the spread and expansion of the present outbreak

摘要: Dispersal has been least understood in mountain pine beetle ecology. We developed a novel regional dynamic conceptual model of infestation using the tree mortality estimated from British Columbia annual aerial overview survey to quantitatively determine short-distance dispersal (SDD) and long-distance (LDD) at local (forest district) (provincial) scales. The patterns were characterized based on distances between sink patch its nearest source patch. At scale, SDD accounted for 85.3% non-infested areas 96.8% infested areas. Although was dominant mode, LDD played more important role early stage current outbreak. three identified. First, dominated forest districts where only sparse infestations occurred. Second, or importa...