The use of biochar for sustainable treatment of contaminated soils

摘要: Abstract Biochar is a solid carbon-rich material produced by thermal decomposition of biomass without oxygen (pyrolysis). Among other applications, it can be used to treat soils contaminated with heavy metals or organic pollutants, which has sustainability benefits over traditional remediation technologies, including waste reuse, site greening, carbon storage, and lower life-cycle footprints. This chapter summarizes the development, production, properties biochars for this purpose. The physicochemical biochar that are most influential on its performance include surface area, pH, cation-exchange capacity , elemental composition, particle size, ash content, aromaticity, volatile matter content. specific mechanisms behind biochar–contaminant interactions, effectiveness as an in situ stabilization reagent, permeable reactive barrier reactant, phytoremediation amendment, discussed in detail. Finally, remaining research gaps summarized, implications green sustainable presented.