Impact of Lean, Agile and Green (LAG) on business competitiveness: An empirical study of fast moving consumer goods businesses

摘要: Abstract The adoption/utilisation of Lean, Agile and Green (LAG) practices in both the manufacturing service sector is rising. However, there yet remain a research gap to precisely evaluate relationship between LAG business competitiveness (e.g, achieving reduction cost, lead time environmental recyclable waste). This aims explore this relationship, specifically fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) businesses. hypothesised relationships are tested with data collected from 96 FMCG companies. Structural Equation Modelling applied different channels through adoption Green. findings suggest that competitive outcomes vary specific product life cycle stages. implies awareness concept essential. A combination for sole purpose reducing waste negatively related reduction. more efficiently adopted when adopters equipped expert knowledge on paradigms their individual practices. has approached attainment businesses by analysing management efforts improve cost performance, sustainability aspects operations. also considered stages impacts efforts.