DNA as a Pollutant: the Clinical Class 1 Integron

摘要: When humans first tried to control bacterial growth with antimicrobials, DNA elements called integrons began accumulate genes for resistance. The clinical class 1 integron accumulated diverse antibiotic resistance genes, spread into multiple species, colonized a wide range of animal and plant hosts, every continent. This review examines how this element has become significant environmental pollutant. analysis suggests the had single origin in early twentieth century. Human use selective agents then drove rapid increase its abundance. Diverse samples now commonly contain over 1 × 106 copies per gram integron. In areas exposed human wastes, abundance can reach one copy cell. Clearly, spectacularly successful very short period time. It done so because it unique set properties. prospers under anthropogenic disturbance is disseminated vast numbers by virtue colonizing agricultural animals. And, unlike conventional pollutants, continues replicate after release environment. replication driven advantage confers host cell presence antibiotics, metals, disinfectants also released waste streams. just example new type Other mobile are increasingly being reported as contaminants.