Spatial patterns of mobile source particulate matter emissions-to-exposure relationships across the United States

摘要: Abstract Assessing the public health benefits from air pollution control measures is assisted by understanding relationship between mobile source emissions and subsequent fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure. Since this varies location, we characterized its magnitude geographic distribution using intake fraction (iF) concept. We considered of primary PM as well particle precursors SO 2 NO x each 3080 counties in US. modeled these total US population exposure to , making use a source–receptor matrix developed for risk assessment. For found median iF 1.2 per million, with range 0.12–25. Half was reached distance 150 km county where originated, though spatial extent varied across within borders 1800 km away. secondary ammonium sulfate emissions, 0.41 million (range: 0.050–10), versus 0.068 nitrate 0.00092–1.3). The half greater (450 km sulfate, 390 km nitrate). Regression analyses exhaustive predictors explained much variation ( R =0.83) =0.74 0.60), near-source contribution than . conclude that long-range dispersion models coarse resolution are appropriate assessments or emitted sources rural areas, but more resolved warranted urban areas due substantial populations.