Ecosystem services in urban water investment.

摘要: Increasingly, water agencies and utilities have an obligation to consider the broad environmental impacts associated with investments. To aid in understanding cycle interdependencies when making urban supply investment decisions, ecosystem services typology was augmented concept of integrated resources management. This framework is applied stormwater harvesting a case study catchment Adelaide, South Australia. Results show that this methodological can effectively facilitate systematic consideration quantitative assessment Five service were quantified including provision 1) recreational amenity, 2) regulation coastal quality, 3) salinity, 4) greenhouse gas emissions, 5) support estuarine habitats. shows ignoring underestimate benefits investments by value up A$1.36/kL, or three times cost operating maintenance harvesting. Rigorous public welfare infrastructure required guide long-term optimal decisions. Numerous challenges remain quantification lack peer-reviewed studies impacts, aggregation incommensurable potential for double-counting errors, uncertainties available impact estimates, how determine most suitable technique.