Hawthorne effects and research into professional practice.

摘要: The Hawthorne studies in the 1930s demonstrated how difficult it is to understand workplace behaviour, and this includes professional performance. Studies of interventions improve performance, such as audit, can provide useful information for those considering using methods, but cannot replace judgement. In particular, there no single phenomenon that be labelled 'the effect'. process triangulation, a subject from different perspectives, might overcome problems effects better than method controlled trials.