Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes.

摘要: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in preventing effector T-cell (Teff) targeting of self-antigens that can lead to tissue destruction autoimmune settings, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Autoimmunity is caused part by imbalance between Teff and Tregs. Early attempts treat with immunosuppressive agents have led serious side effects, thus requiring a more targeted approach. Low-dose IL-2 (LD IL-2) provide immunoregulation few effects preferentially acting on Tregs drive tolerance. The concept LD as therapeutic approach supported data mouse models where autoimmunity cured further strengthened success human clinical studies hepatitis C virus-induced vasculitis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, Alopecia areata. Treatment will require identification safe window, which difficult task given patients are reported deficient or defective production signaling experienced mild activation NK eosinophils therapy. In T1D, trial concluded be safely expanded humans; however, the study was not designed address efficacy. Antigen-specific therapies also aimed at regulation response but been filled disappointment despite extensive list diverse islet antigens tested humans. This could enhanced through addition antigenic treatment regimen improve frequency function antigen-specific Tregs, without global immunosuppression. Here, we discuss use antigen enhance T1D focus what known about their immunological impact, safety, potential efficacy, need for better methods identify effectiveness.