Assessing the simulated soil hydrothermal regime of the active layer from the Noah-MP land surface model (v1.1) in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

摘要: Abstract. Extensive and rigorous model intercomparison is of great importance before application due to the uncertainties in current land surface models (LSMs). Without considering forcing data and parameters, this study designed an ensemble 55 296 experiments to evaluate Noah LSM with multi-parameterization (Noah-MP) for snow cover events (SCEs), soil temperature (ST) soil liquid water (SLW) simulation, investigated sensitivity of parameterization schemes at a typical permafrost site on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results showed that Noah-MP systematically overestimates snow cover, which could be greatly resolved when adopting sublimation from wind semi-implicit snow/soil time scheme. As result the overestimated snow, generally underestimates ST, mostly influenced by process. A systematic cold bias large uncertainties in remain after eliminating effects snow, particularly deep layers during season. combination of roughness length heat under-canopy (below-canopy) aerodynamic resistance contributes resolving temperature. In addition, Noah-MP top SLW. runoff groundwater (RUN) process dominates SLW simulation comparison very limited impacts all other physical processes. analysis structural and characteristics each scheme would constructive better understanding land surface processes regions the QTP as well further improvements towards hydrothermal regime modeling using LSMs.