Autoimmune thyroid disorders—An update

摘要: Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), a common organ specific autoimmune disorder is seen mostly in women between 30–50 yrs of age. Thyroid autoimmunity can cause several forms thyroiditis ranging from hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) to hyperthyroidism (Graves’Disease). Prevalence rate mediated about 0.8 per 100 and 95% among them are women. Graves’ one tenth as tends occur more younger individuals. Both these disorders share many immunologic features the may progress state other process changes. Genetic, environmental endogenous factors responsible for initiation autoimmunity. At present only confirmed genetic factor lies HLA complex (HLA DR-3) T cell regulatory gene (CTLA 4). A number like viral infection, smoking, stress & iodine intake associated with progression. The development antibodies peroxidase (TPO) thyroglobulin (TG) stimulating hormone receptor (TSH R) main hallmark AITD. Circulating Lymphocytes increased AITD gland infiltrated CD4+ CD8+ Cells. Wide varieties cytokines produced by immune cells, which mediate cytotoxicity leading destruction. TPO TG measured immunofluorescense, hemagglutination, ELISA RIA. TSHR be bioassays or indirectly assays that detect antibody binding receptor.