Urban Rhetoric and Embodied Identities: City, Nation, and Empire at the Vittorio Emanuele II Monument in Rome, 1870–1945

摘要: This essay examines the monument constructed by Italian state in center of Rome to commemorate Vittorio-Emanuele II, first king united Italy. Opened 1911 and Beaux-Arts architectural style popular at that time as appropriately “imperial” for urban monuments throughout West, Vittoriano's symbolism iconography produce a “memory theater” through which official rhetoric imperial Italy was intended be conveyed nation.Yet despite attempts succeeding governments promote it dignified sacred city, nation, short-lived empire, has been derided its history. Concentrating on “official culture,” we analyze form monument, trace various planning interventions made both Liberal Fascist between wars emphasized centrality within space territory, comment use dic...