The effect of extreme weather events on breeding parameters of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

摘要: Capsule Although the White Stork avoids adverse weather conditions by modifying its arrival and breeding, it cannot avoid extreme events during breeding season.Aims To show how can influence attempts of a large, long-lived species, Stork.Methods We analysed data on arrivals Storks in Western Poland from 2005 to 2013 detailed biology parameters 2009 relation conditions. success failure rate 1974 2013.Results In years with cold March arrived later than when was warmer. Frost incubation negatively influenced hatching success. Extreme caused high late mortality even for nestlings older 30 days. Data 27 seasons showed significant increase mean but also proportion pairs which lost broods nestling stage.Conclusion The modify...