Do Experiences With Nature Promote Learning? Converging Evidence of a Cause-and-Effect Relationship

摘要: Do experiences with nature - from wilderness backpacking to plants in a preschool, wetland lesson on frogs-promote learning? Until recently, claims outstripped evidence this question. But the field has matured, not only substantiating previously unwarranted but deepening our understanding of cause-and-effect relationship between and learning. Hundreds studies now bear question, converging strongly suggests that boost academic learning, personal development, environmental stewardship. This brief integrative review summarizes recent advances current state understanding. The research development stewardship is compelling although quantitative. Report after report independent observers as well participants themselves indicate shifts perseverance, problem solving, critical thinking, leadership, teamwork, resilience. Similarly, over fifty point playing key role pro-environmental behavior, particularly by fostering an emotional connection nature. In contexts, nature-based instruction outperforms traditional instruction. here strong, including experimental evidence; across wide range samples instructional approaches; outcomes such standardized test scores graduation rates; for specific explanatory mechanisms active ingredients. Nature may promote learning improving learners' attention, levels stress, self-discipline, interest enjoyment physical activity fitness. also appears provide calmer, quieter, safer context learning; warmer, more cooperative combination "loose parts" autonomy fosters developmentally beneficial forms play. It time take seriously resource students effectively reached