Topological dynamics of defects: boojums in nematic drops

摘要: The dynamics of creation, annihilation, and transformation topological defects in a closed system with vector-type order parameter is studied both theoretically experimentally. particular case drop nematic varying boundary conditions considered. In the theoretical part, concept continuously defined description surface (e.g., boojums) introduced. It leads to conservation laws that control restructuring director field when vary. shown experimentally for are changed, (boojums, hedgehogs, disclinations) transform into each other created from or annihilated homogeneous state. All processes can be described within scope method developed paper.