Geographic differentiation of domesticated einkorn wheat and possible Neolithic migration routes.

摘要: To analyse the spread of domesticated einkorn into Europe, 136 landraces, 9 wild einkorns and 3 Triticum urartu were fingerprinted by diversity array technology sequence (DArT-seq) marker technology. The obtained 3455 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers confirmed earlier results about separation from T. pinpointing forms to Karacadag Mountains (Turkey). Further analyses identified two major landrace groups, one relating Prealpine region other Maghreb/Iberian region. previously published four geographical provenance groups mostly in our results. reported unique position Maghreb/Iberia cannot be confirmed, as three clusters we with STRUCTURE also occur remaining einkorn, although at different frequencies. are discussed respect spreading Western Europe possible Neolithic migration routes indicated.