Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation.

摘要: Transit through the carbon liquid phase has significant consequences for subsequent formation of solid nanocarbon detonation products. We report dynamic measurements condensation and solidification into nano-onions over ∽200 ns by analysis time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering data acquired during a hydrogen-free explosive, DNTF (3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan). Further, thermochemical modeling predicts direct to graphite transition products ~200 ns post-detonation. Solid were collected characterized high-resolution electron microscopy confirm abundance with an average diameter ∽10 nm, matching measurements. analyze other carbon-rich explosives similar methods systematically explore different regions diagram traversed detonation. Our results suggest potential pathway efficient production nano-onions, while offering insight transformation kinetics under extreme pressures temperatures.