摘要: The international community has set ambitious goals aimed at improving the quality of life in Africa. Initial delivery electric service to rural Africa is far from a "one size fits all" technical solution, especially given seasonal diversity energy needs, as well availability and candidate renewable resources. Nor will be expansion, potential integration, those systems over time simple task. To design, implement operate cost-effective reliable electricity many factors must taken into account. economic feasibility different highly dependent on diverse design criteria: local demands (daily, seasonal); available resources (quantity quality); location relative conventional fuel supplies and/or grid power; plus how these may vary time. Dynamics among institutional aspects are key, understanding value staged introductions. Key towards deployment services identified assessed.