Shifting Baselines and the Conservation of Non‐Native Species

摘要: The shifting baseline syndrome occurs because humans adapt the notion of healthy ecosystems to characteristics contemporaneous environments, either an inefficient intergenerational transmission knowledge or deformation personal memories (Pauly 1995; Papworth et al. 2009). In altered systems, may lead constant downgrading environmental reference conditions 1995). Introductions non-natives species by have occurred for millennia. Cultural traditions tend embrace newly introduced organisms progressively, attributing them values originally associated with native (Trigger 2008; Schuttler 2011). This cultural integration represents a form syndrome, through which new are included in assumed normal desirable state natural systems (Speziale 2012). Consequently, if these widely accepted decline, societies feel compelled restore them. For example, European Habitats Directive mandates protection mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon), Corsica and Sardinia (Poplin 1979), porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Italy (Masseti 2010), whereas Australia there initiatives reintroduce dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) areas from had been extirpated (Allen & Fleming Already introduced, established can be threatened ones (e.g. Carpentier 2007). When former valued manifested clear preference toward that was first. These processes illustrated here 2 examples Spain, showing how promote control eradication aim