Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts.

摘要: In the mid-1960s microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous have addressed fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in initiation and progression diseases. Recent advances laboratory identification techniques contributed to a better understanding complexity microbiome both health disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human microarray next-generation sequencing been used identify wide variety taxa residing gingival sulcus pocket. The first theory 'non-specific plaque' hypothesis gave rise 'ecological more recently 'polymicrobial synergy dysbiosis hypothesis'. Periodontitis is now considered be multimicrobial inflammatory disease which various bacterial species within dental biofilm are dysbiotic state this imbalance favours establishment chronic conditions ultimately destruction tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from known putative pathogens, whole community play inflammation periodontitis susceptible host. Treatment unlikely eliminate pathogens but, when it thoroughly performed has potential establish healthy ecosystem by altering numbers composition also contribute maturation host immune response.