Enhancing synaptogenesis in diseases characterized by deficiencies in brain synapses

摘要: milk and infant formulas) actually enters the circulation; omega-3 fatty acids, as essential nutrients, must be largely or entirely obtained from diet (Cansev Wurtman, 2007). Because enzymes that initiate conversion of these compounds to PC are unsaturated, administration choline increases synthesis brain levels its phosphorylated product phosphocholine; uridine UTP CTP; DHA proportion diacylglycerol (DAG) contains this acid. The phosphocholine CTP formed when animals receive plus then combine form CDP-choline, which in turn combines with DHA-containing DAG PC. Treatment rats gerbils supplemental choline, UMP, an acid for several weeks is associated substantial per cell, well roughly-proportionate other phosphatides (Wurtman et al., 2006); moreover effects giving all three precursors tend greater than sum each separately. Animals so treated also exhibit significant improvements memory functions, assessed using Morris water maze Tor Y-mazes (Holguin 2008a,b). Administration phosphatide preand post-synaptic proteins (such synapsin, synaptophysin, PSD-95, mGluR) 2006; Cansev 2007) numbers dendritic spines (Sakamoto These due part additional effect pyrimidine (Pooler 2005): Besides serving, indirectly, a precursor cytidine-dependent synthesis, products (e.g., UTP) agonists P2Y receptors affect neuronal protein 2005). (These receptors, parenthetically, deficient parietal cortex patients Enhancing synaptogenesis diseases characterized by deficiencies synapses