All by themselves? Legislative regions and the use of unmediated access to the European level

摘要: Since the 1980s, level of activism regions in European Union policy-making has greatly increased, leading to emergence claims that regional governments can and do bypass national government negotiations. However, two decades after concept, debate about ability engage successfully this process continuous negotiation represent their interests on stage is ongoing. Due scarcity research looking at interest representation concrete cases policy-making, it been difficult establish what extent under which circumstances rely unmediated channels level. This article examines these questions through activities seven legislative during negotiations Directives, as have a wider choice representation. Overall, extensive use access regulatory rare best be explained with reference domestic conflict influence region policy-making. Differences size also its coordination position